Let's say we are testing the effects of a drug on cancer patients.
Hypothesis - is an idea that is based on solid facts but is yet to be tested. Based on facts, the hypothesis predicts the outcome. But the outcome has not yet been tested.
Hypothesis Testing - is a step by step procedure that helps us decide whether or not the results of a research based on a sample supports a hypothesis when applied to a population. Lets say the drug is tested on 3 patients and it works in 2. What is the inference? Does this mean it would work on 2/3 of the population? A hypothesis testing will help you decide.
Null hypothesis - assumes that the hypothesis to be tested has no effect on the outcome of the research experiment - assumes that the drug has no effect on cancer patients.
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